ACCOMPLISHED AREAS (ACCESSIBILITY)

    namely infrastructure that belongs to the work area. Is it easy in the delivery of heavy equipment (mechanical equipment). If there is no way that could not be reached then it must be created first and it will be influential terhdap tool cost of ownership (cost of ownership) and operating costs (operating cost) of the mechanical equipment. If there is a focal area of ​​roads, need to know first-class roads, whether rural roads, or a provincial road. This is to maintain the carrying capacity of roads in accordance with dipersyratkan to bring a mechanical device into the working area.

RECOGNITION OF TOOLS
the factors that determine the use of heavy equipment are:

•    power required (power reguired)
•    power available (power available)
•    power that can be used (power usable)                           

the relationship between power required, power available and power that can be used is very important to know, because we can determine the capacity beberapat tool that should we choose for any work performed.Several things affect the amount of energy that can be used from the machine is described as follows:
    PLANT STATE (VEGETATIAN)
    of trees that grow on the field work necessary to know, whether it is the diameter of the tree, the number poho, average height and a variety of trees. This is to consider clearing the working field. So it can be determined that the equipment will be used pruning the tree.

    WEATHER (CLIMATIC CONDITION)
    weather effects on an area of ​​work needs to be known. Because it would be expected during the last year for how many days of rain. On a rainy day use of mechanical devices can not work effectively even can not be used at all.

     
ALTITUDE (ALTITUDE)
    that the mean is the location / place of work tools to the sea. Should note that the work will affect the performance of a device. The higher the work of sea level (pal-sea level), the pressure of the atmosphere decreases. Because atmospheric pressure decreases the density of air is also decreased, which resulted in the amount of oxygen in the workplace is also reduced. This will result in decline in power for combustion engines "ic engine" (internal combustion engine). To overcome these problems, heavy equipment / heavy to be used to do the correction of horsepower (hp-horse power) of the heavy equipment. To the engine 4 (four cycle engine) would decrease by 3% from hp (horse power) at sea level (sea level) of each in use on a work area with an altitude of 1000 ft first.

    To minimize the reduction of energy / power (hp), then the machine is equipped with a "turbocharger" that serves to supply air to the machines. When the engine using a turbocharger is the correction of horse power, draw bar pull: dbp or rimpul done when the machine is used at a place that has a height of more than 5000 ft above the pal (surface seawater).

    Example:
    wheel tractor tire (wheel tractor) 100 hp at pal (sea level) is equipped with 4 stroke engine "turbocharger". What is the hp correction, if wheel tractor "is in use at an altitude of 15000 ft.?
    Answer:
    correction hp at 15000 ft. = 100 hp-(15000-5000) / 1000 x 3% x 100 hp
    = 100 hp-30 hp = 70 hp

    "taktor" 4 stroke engine, the first gear can provide a 30 000 lb "draw bar pull" (dbp) to pal (sea level). What is the dbp in first gear when the tractor is used on the field working with the elevation of 10000 ft above the pal (sea level)?
    Answer:
    dbp at 10000 ft = 30 000 lb-(10000-1000) / 1000 x 3% x 30 000 lb
    = 30 000 lb-8100 lb
    = 21 900 lb

    TEMPERATURE (TEMP)

    rising temperatures could lead to decreased efficiency of the engine (engine efficiency). When air rises it temeperatur density (density) of air is going down, this causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen that is in each volume of air and will result in efficiency will decrease.

    Horse power (hp) engines vary according to the state of air temperature and local air pressure. Horse power (hp) is a standard based on the temperature and standard atmospheric pressure. The influence engine power loss due to temperature are: engine power is reduced by 1% for every 10O f air temperature rises above the standard temperature of 60O f, or 1% increase engine power when the air temperature falls below the temperature of each standard 10O f 60O f.

    Therefore that when the heavy equipment used in areas of temperature and air pressure is different from the standard hp engine is in need of correction. The formula used is:

    HAUL ROADS, SLOPE AND DISTANCE (HAUL ROAD, GRADE AND DISTANCE)
    the state of roads, distances, road slope and road carrying capacity will strongly influence the production of means of conveyance.

    ROADS TRANSPORT (HOUL ROAD)
    this haul road to be seen of its existence, whether wet or strong, or fairly rough surface. This all needs to review, because the state road transport will affect the size of the rolling resistance (rr) caused by the surface haul road wheel / tire removal of mechanical equipment.

    THE SLOPE (GRADE)
    grad is the slope of the haul roads, the flatness or kecuramannya greatly affects production (output) a conveyance, sebap the slope of the road (grade) raises detainee incline (grade rasistance) that must be addressed by a conveyance engine.

    TRANSPORT DISTANCE (DISTANCE)
    distance transport should also be taken into consideration in determining the speed of the conveyance rate. Conveyance speed of the faster rate, the production (output) the conveyance is also getting bigger and it relies on gravity (rimpull-rp) which is available on the machine. While the tensile strength (rp) the amount determined by the prisoners glinding (rolling resistance - rr) and the slope resistance (grade rasistance - gr) the greater rp available on the machine then the speed of conveyance rate also accelerated, resulting in the production (output) devices the freight rate besar.kecepatan next conveyance determined by the tensile force (rp) on the machine, is also limited by its short and long-distance road transport.

    CYCLE PRODUCTION (PRODUCTION CYCLE COMPONENT)
    mechanical removal of soil on the production cycle can include:

•     loading (loading)
•     transportation (hauling)
•     hoarding (dumping)
•     return (return)
•     put yourself (spot)
•     loading (loading)

    is the process of material loading and unloading the excavation by tool-loading equipment (power shovels, drag line back hoe) that load on a conveyance (hauling equipment). Sizes and types of loading equipment used shall be in accordance with field conditions and the state of transport means. The berpengaru of production (output) and unloading equipment (loading equipment) is:

•     kind / type and condition of the load (including capacity)
•     type / kind of material that will be done
•     the capacity of means of conveyance (hauling equipment)
•     fit the pattern
•     skill of the operator
•     the carrier (hauling)

    is the work of transporting the material. Production (output) of the transport work is influenced by:
    condition of its road transport
    many / her not incline
    the ability of the driver
    and other matters that affect the speed of conveyance (hauling equipment)

    HOARDING (DUMPING)
    is a hoarder of work material. Accumulation of work affected by the landfill, easy to maneuver whether or not the conveyance tersebutselama hoarding, and it influenced and was influenced by:
    how to perform accumulation (dump side, rear or bottom dump dump)
    condition of the material to be in the shed (fragmentation and kelengketannya).

    RETURN (RETRUN)
    is the work of the means of transport to return to the loading point in dumping charges after the spill site (landfill site). So time to go back (retrun time) is also affected by the same things with the time for transporting (hauling time).

    PLACEMENT ITSELF (SPOT)
    a placement away from the means of conveyance (haulage unit). And easy way whether haulage unit (eg truck) positioned to be loaded by means of unloading (loading equipment), is determined by:

    TYPES OF LOADING (LOADING MACHINE)
    LOCATION OR POSITION OF TOOL LOADING (LOADING EQUIPMENT).